Astringent, anthelmintic, diuretic, demulcent and expectorant (fruit)

Rhizome is bitter, astringent, acrid, cooling, purgative, aphrodisiac, anthelmintic, depurative, febrifuge, expectorant, tonicanthelmintic, antiinflammatory, stimulant, antifertility and anticholinesterase activity; alleviates spasms and lowers blood pressure (seed); astringent (root).

Cholinergic (including on bladder muscles) (plant powder); laxative. anthelmintic. diuretic and carminative (bark); antiinflammatory, stomachic, tonic.

Abortifacient, analgesic, antidote, antiinflammatory, antiseptic, astringent, carcinogenic, choleretic, emmenagogue, emetic, expectorant, laxative, vermifuge, vulnerary.

Vermifuge (leaf extract)

Antitussive, digestive, febrifuge, vermifuge, diuretic and inhibits urease (seed); stomachic (fruit); expectorant and emetic (flowers)

The seed is cooling, diuretic, tonic and vermifuge. hypothermic. The fruit is depurative, diuretic, emollient, purgative and resolvent; emollient and tones the skin. as well as protects it from the sun.

The seeds are diuretic, tonic, vermifuge, anthelmintic and influences muscle contractility of the frog heart (in vivo and in vitro).

Anthelmintic; antiparasitic, diuretic (seeds)

It is considered a tonic to the genital system, and an aphrodisiac (plant); stomachic, anthelmintic, diuretic and febrifuge (seeds).

Anthelmintic, antipyretic, antirheumatic, antiseptic, astringent, balsamic and vasoconstrictive (cones and young branches)

Depurative and anthelmintic (rhizome)

Demulcent(tuber powder); Anthelmintic (essential plant oil)

The seeds are alterative, anthelmintic, carminative and antibilious (stem); laxative and antifertility (plant); antiviral (50% EtOH aerial part extract).

Vermifuge (leaf extract)

Used as vermifuge

Astringent, anthelmintic, diuretic, carminative, increases the secretion of gastric juices, stimulant and diaphoretic (tuber); antipyretic and antiinflammatory (rhizome oil)analgesic, antibacterial, antibiotic, antispasmodic, antitussive, aromatic, contraceptive, emmenagogue, lithontripic, sedative, antierysipelas, stomachic, tonic, vermifuge.

Antiviral; anthelmintic (rhizome)

Analgesic, anthelmintic, antibacterial, anticoagulant, antiviral, depurative, febrifuge and haemostatic (rhizome)

The whole plant, but especially the leaves and seed, is anaesthetic, anodyne, antiasthmatic, antispasmodic, antitussive, bronchodilator, hallucinogenic, hypnotic and mydriatic; alleviates spasms and stimulates the cardiovascular system (fruit and plant); anthelmintic, anticancer, antiseptic, sedative and narcotic (plant); antiinflammatory and analgesic.